Native Cockroaches
Click to enlarge image
© Australian Museum
Fast Facts
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Classification
- Order
- Blattodea
- Class
- Insecta
- Subphylum
- Uniramia
- Phylum
- Arthopoda
- Kingdom
- Animalia
-
- Number of Species
- 400
-
- Size Range
- 5mm to 80mm
Giant Burrowing Cockroach, Macropanesthia rhinoceros
Image: Daniel Bunker© Australian Museum
Most people think of cockroaches as disease-carrying, urban pests. The reality in Australia is that none of the 400 or so native species is a serious pest.
Identification
Virtually all cockroaches found outside of domestic premises will be native species. One exception is the smokybrown cockroach Periplaneta fuliginosa which is sometimes found in gardens and bush areas near human habitation.
Habitat
Virtually all terrestrial habitats in Australia have native cockroaches present, including some caves which are host to specialised pale blind and wingless species of cockoaches. There are no aquatic species known.
Distribution
Australia including islands
Feeding and diet
Native cockroaches feed in trees on pollen, bark and leaf material. Some species in the genus Panesthia have adapted to eating decomposing wood, and have similar micro-organisms in their gut as those found in termites (Order Isoptera).
Other behaviours and adaptations
Many native species are diurnal (active during the day), and can be found basking on vegetation and stones, but even more are nocturnal.
Predators
Native cockroaches are an important part of the food web in many natural habitats, being eaten by invertebrates as well as mammals, frogs and reptiles. To repel predators, some species produce a pungent smell. Some of the wood eating cockroaches also play an important role as decomposers.
Metallic Cockroach, Polyzosteria sp.
© Australian Museum
