ANIMAL SPECIES:Common Black Dragonfish, Idiacanthus atlanticus Brauer, 1906
The Black Dragonfishes are long, slender fishes which live in mesopelagic to bathypelagic waters down to depths of about 2000 m.
Alternative Name/s
Atlantic Dragonfish, Black DragonfishIdentification
The Black Dragonfishes are long, slender fishes that are sexually dimorphic. The top two images show a female with its small eyes, chin barbel, and long fang-like teeth. The male is much smaller. It lacks teeth, lacks the chin barbel, has a non-functional gut, and is dark brown rather than black.
The species has tiny photophores scattered over its body and two rows of larger photophores along the side of the body. The chin barbel of the female has a a slender luminous tip. This may be used to attract prey.
Larval Black Dragonfishes are most unusual. They are long, slender, transparent fishes that have their eyes at the ends of long stalks which can be up to half the length of the body.
Size range
Females grow to 40 cm in length, but males reach a maximum length of only 5 cm.Distribution
The species occurs in subtropical and temperate marine waters of the southern hemisphere. The subfamily Idiacanthinae contains three species, two of which, Idiacanthus fasciola Peters, 1877 and Idiacanthus atlanticus occur in Australian waters.
Distribution by collection data
Biomaps map of Black Dragonfish specimens in the Australian Museum collection.
Habitat
Black Dragonfishes live in mesopelagic to bathypelagic waters down to depths of about 2000 m.
Behaviour and adaptations
Feeding and Diet
It eats mostly other fishes.
Other behaviours and adaptations
Like many deepsea fishes, the Common Black Dragonfish has photophores that can produce light.
Classification
- Species:
- atlanticus
- Genus:
- Idiacanthus
- Subfamily:
- Idiacanthinae
- Family:
- Stomiidae
- Order:
- Stomiiformes
- Class:
- Actinopterygii
- Subphylum:
- Vertebrata
- Phylum:
- Chordata
- Kingdom:
- Animalia
References
- Brauer, A. 1906. Die Tiefsee-Fische. I. Systematischer Teil. In: C. Chun. Wissenschaftl. Ergebnisse der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition "Valdivia," 1898-99. Jena. v. 15: 1-432, Pls. 1-18.
- Gomon, M.F & E.M. Robertson. in Gomon, M.F, C.J.M. Glover & R.H. Kuiter (Eds). 1994. The Fishes of Australia's South Coast. State Print, Adelaide. Pp. 992.
- Harold, A.S. 1999. Idiacanthidae. in Carpenter, K.E. & V.H. Niem (Eds). FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome. Pp. iii-vi, 1398-2068.
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Head of a Common Black Dragonfish View full size
Mark McGrouther
© NORFANZ founding parties
Female Common Black Dragonfish View full size
Mark McGrouther
© NORFANZ Founding Parties
Larval Common Black Dragonfish View full size
Mark McGrouther
© Australian Museum
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